跟雅思考官 Simon 学写作
跟雅思考官 Simon 学写作
A 类小作文 (Task 1) 讲义
第一课：概述
讲义
注意：
题目要求的是将你所看见的内容形成一个报告。千万不要给出你的观点。不要写总结段，而要写概括段。
题型：
| 题型 | 描述 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| 1. 线图 | 鸭 | |
| 2. 柱状图 | 数字 描述 | |
| 3. 饼图 | ||
| 4. 表格 | ||
| 5. 地图 | 比较 | |
| 6. 流程图 | 步骤 |
段落结构：
- 开头段：一句话，复述题目（翻译题目）
- 概括段：两句话
- 第一句：中心句
- 第二句：总体趋势（改变）
- 描述段：具体描述第一个特点（趋势）
- 描述段：具体描述第二个特点（趋势）
每一种小作文都可以按照这个结构去写，会使你的文章条理清晰。不需要再去想其他结构了。
学习任务：
- 阅读《跟雅思考官 Simon 学写作》中小作文评分标准并打印出来。
- 阅读《雅思考试完全指南》中以下内容：
- 如何写概括段
- 小作文的 10 要 10 不要
- 万年 5.5 的五个通病
- 小作文五步走
- 小作文的语法与词汇指南
- 自行听写《鸭圈雅思核心词》中小作文部分单词。
- 在群中汇报自己今天的学习情况，晒作业，并打卡；如果有问题，请在群内提问。
第二课：线图
讲义
在雅思考试中，线图通常包含 2-5 条线。请注意，你的任务是比较这些线，而不是单独描述它们。考官想要看到的是比较。
题目示例：
The graph below shows electricity production (in terawatt hours) in France between 1980 and 2012.
开头段：
The line graph compares the amount of electricity produced in France using four different sources of power over a period of 32 years.
概述段：
It is clear that nuclear power was by far the most important means of electricity generation over the period shown. Renewables provided the lowest amount of electricity in each year.
描述段：
- In 1980, thermal power stations were the main source of electricity in France, generating around 120 terawatt hours of power.
- Nuclear and hydroelectric power stations produced just under 75 terawatt hours of electricity each, and renewables provided a negligible amount.
- Just one year later, nuclear power overtook thermal power as the primary source of electricity.
词汇：
- amount of electricity produced
- source of / provided / generating
- means of electricity generation
- over a period of / over the period shown
- by far the most important
- a negligible amount
- nuclear power overtook thermal power
- as the primary source of electricity
- rose dramatically to a peak of
- by contrast
- remained at this level / remained stable
- saw only a small rise
作业：
- 阅读并完成《跟雅思考官 Simon 学写作》中线图的技巧、范文与练习。
- 阅读《雅思考试完全指南》中线图范文解析。
- 自测《鸭圈雅思核心词》中的小作文部分词汇。
- 在群中汇报自己今天的学习情况，晒作业，并打卡；如果有问题，请在群内提问。
第三课：柱图
讲义
柱图的描述与线图类似，但需要注意对比不同类别的数值变化。
题目示例：
The chart below shows global sales of the top five mobile phone brands between 2009 and 2013.
开头段：
The bar chart compares the number of mobile phones sold worldwide by the five most popular manufacturers in the years 2009, 2011, and 2013.
概述段：
It is clear that Nokia sold the most mobile phones between 2009 and 2011, but Samsung became the best-selling brand in 2013. Samsung and Apple saw the biggest rises in sales over the 5-year period.
描述段：
- In 2009, Nokia sold close to 450 million mobile phones, which was almost double the number of handsets sold by the second most successful manufacturer, Samsung.
- Over the following four years, Nokia’s sales figures fell by approximately 200 million units, whereas Samsung saw sales rise by a similar amount.
- By 2013, Samsung had become the market leader with sales reaching 450 million units.
词汇：
- sold worldwide
- sales figures / purchases
- most popular / best-selling brand / top-selling
- second most successful manufacturer
- market leader
- mobile phones / handsets / units
- saw the biggest rises / saw declining sales
- close to / almost / approximately / around
- double the number
- rise by a similar amount
- respectively
- overtook the other two vendors
作业：
- 阅读并完成《跟雅思考官 Simon 学写作》中柱图的技巧、范文与练习。
- 阅读《雅思考试完全指南》中柱图范文解析。
- 在群中汇报自己今天的学习情况，晒作业，并打卡；如果有问题，请在群内提问。
第四课：饼图
讲义
饼图通常表示百分比。需要比较不同类别的比例变化。
题目示例：
The charts below show household spending patterns in two countries between 1980 and 2008.
开头段：
The pie charts compare five categories of household expenditure in the UK and New Zealand in the years 1980 and 2008.
概述段：
- It is noticeable that the proportion of spending on food and drink fell in both countries over the 28-year period, while spending on utility bills rose.
- Also, UK residents spent a significantly larger percentage of their household budgets on leisure than their New Zealand counterparts.
描述段：
- In 1980, 29% of an average New Zealand household budget went on food and drink, while the equivalent figure for a UK home was 23%.
- By 2008, expenditure on food and drink had fallen by 4% in New Zealand and by a full 10% in the UK.
- By contrast, both countries saw an increase in expenditure on utility bills for the average home, from 27% to 31% in New Zealand and from 26% to 28% in the UK.
词汇：
- spending / expenditure / spent / costs
- proportion of spending
- percentage of household budget
- the equivalent figure for a UK home
- fell / rose / saw an increase in
- by 2008, expenditure had fallen
- spent a significantly larger percentage
- than their New Zealand counterparts
- leisure accounted for the highest proportion
- spent half as much in relative terms
- recreation
作业：
- 阅读并完成《跟雅思考官 Simon 学写作》中饼图的技巧、范文与练习。
- 阅读《雅思考试完全指南》中饼图范文解析。
- 在群中汇报自己今天的学习情况，晒作业，并打卡；如果有问题，请在群内提问。
第五课：表格
讲义
表格题最重要的是“挑选”信息，避免逐一描述每个数字。
题目示例：
The table below shows statistics about the top five countries for international tourism in 2012 and 2013.
开头段：
The table compares the five highest-ranking countries in terms of numbers of visits and the money spent by tourists over a period of two years.
概述段：
It is clear that France was the world’s most popular tourist destination in the years 2012 and 2013. However, the USA earned by far the most revenue from tourism over the same period.
描述段：
- In 2012, 83 million tourists visited France, and the USA was the second most visited country, with 66.7 million tourists.
- 2013 saw a rise of between 1 and 4 million tourist visits to each country, with the exception of China, which received 2 million fewer visitors than in the previous year.
词汇：
- five highest-ranking countries
- the world’s most popular tourist destination
- earned by far the most revenue from tourism
- the second most visited country
- received...visitors
- ranked fifth
- 2013 saw a rise of
- fewer visitors than in the previous year
- these figures were well over twice as high as
- amounts of tourist revenue
作业：
- 阅读并完成《跟雅思考官 Simon 学写作》中表格的技巧、范文与练习。
- 在群中汇报自己今天的学习情况，晒作业，并打卡；如果有问题，请在群内提问。
第六课：混合图
讲义
混合图需要分别描述每幅图的特点，并进行整合。
题目示例：
The bar chart below shows the numbers of men and women attending various evening courses at an adult education centre in the year 2009. The pie chart gives information about the ages of these course participants.
开头段：
The bar chart compares the numbers of males and females who took four different evening classes in 2009, and the pie chart shows the age profiles of these attendees.
概述段：
- It is clear that significantly more women than men attended evening classes at the education centre.
- We can also see that evening courses were much more popular among older adults.
描述段：
- According to the bar chart, drama, painting, and language courses all attracted more women than men to the education centre in 2009.
- Language classes had the highest number of participants overall, with 40 female and 20 male students, while painting was a popular choice among both genders, attracting 30 female and 25 male attendees.
- The only course with a higher number of males was sculpture, but this course was taken by a mere 15 people in total.
词汇：
- participants / attendees / students
- males and females
- courses attracted more women
- a popular choice among both genders
- significantly more / higher / highest
- had the highest number, with (+ number)
- according to the bar chart
- looking at the age profile pie chart
- were in the minority
- to be precise
作业：
- 阅读并完成《跟雅思考官 Simon 学写作》中混合图的技巧、范文与练习。
- 阅读《雅思考试完全指南》中混合图范文解析。
- 在群中汇报自己今天的学习情况，晒作业，并打卡；如果有问题，请在群内提问。
第七课：流程图
讲义
流程图描述的是一个过程，通常没有数字或趋势。
题目示例：
The diagrams below show how glass containers, such as bottles, are produced and recycled.
开头段：
The first flow diagram illustrates the process of glass container production, and the second diagram shows steps in the process of recycling used glass.
概述段：
- We can see that glass is made using three main raw materials, and that the manufacturing process consists of four distinct stages.
- It requires five steps to turn used glass into new glass products.
描述段：
- At the first stage in the production of glass, sand, soda ash, limestone, and other chemicals are mixed together.
- Next, this mixture is heated in a glass furnace at approximately 1500°C to produce molten glass.
- The molten glass can then be shaped, by blowing, to create the end products, namely glass containers.
词汇：
- at the first stage in the process
- the process begins with
- secondly / finally
- the second step involves
- next / then / after that
- at the following stage
- glass is collected / sorted / washed / crushed / melted
- the glass is ground in a machine
作业：
- 阅读并完成《跟雅思考官 Simon 学写作》中流程图的技巧、范文与练习。
- 阅读《雅思考试完全指南》中流程图范文解析。
- 在群中汇报自己今天的学习情况，晒作业，并打卡；如果有问题，请在群内提问。